World's Rainforests and Oceans Face Severe Threats, Planetary Boundaries in Danger
The world's rainforests and oceans face severe threats, with seven out of nine planetary boundaries now in the danger zone. The Amazon, Congo, and Southeast Asia rainforests, which hold 80% of the remaining rainforests and two-thirds of all terrestrial biodiversity, are under significant pressure. Meanwhile, ocean acidification has crossed its boundary, posing risks to food, water, climate stability, and economic security.
Only 36% of the original tropical rainforest remains intact, with the Amazon at risk of a tipping point towards savannah. Deforestation in the Amazon can reduce rainfall in the U.S. Northwest by around 20% and halve the Sierra Nevada snowpack. To tackle these issues, embedding Chief Planetary Scientists in governments worldwide can unite departments around evidence-based action. However, currently, no specific countries have shown interest in this approach.
The ocean's warning light is flashing red due to increasing acidity and threats to marine life. More than half of global food production and up to 8% of world GDP are at risk by mid-century without urgent action. Leaders must phase out fossil fuels, protect and restore biodiversity, elevate Indigenous Peoples' knowledge, and cooperate internationally with practical finance to mitigate these risks.
The 2025 Planetary Health Check shows worsening trends in seven indicators, with only two remaining safe. Urgent global cooperation and action are needed to protect our planet's vital ecosystems and ensure a sustainable future.
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